What do each of the colors mean?

Each color is associated with a digit. From left the resistor has a red band which has a digit 2, a violet band which has a digit 7, and a green band with a digit 5. These digits reflect the resistor's resistivity 2,700,000 ohms (first digit 7, second digit 2, 5 is the number of zeros following the second digit). The gold band signifies the resistor's tolerance. Gold reflects a ±5% tolerance. Fifth bands can indicate temperature coefficient and reliability. Five band resistors can also just have three bands representing digits, one band representing multiplier, and one band representing tolerance.

For the resistor in the circuit that has a first digit brown band (1), second and third digit black band (00), a fourth red band (00), and the fifth band is brown (±1% tolerance). This circuit has 10000 ohms resistance and ±1 % tolerance.

For the resistor that has a first digit brown band (1), second and third digit black band (0), and fourth brown band (±1 % tolerance). This circuit has 10 ohms resistance and ±1% tolerance.

The resistor in the circuit that has five bands brown (1), red (2), brown (or black, unclear because they are burnt) (0), gold, and the thicker band is brown (± 1% tolerance). If the colors are brown, red, black then this resistor has twelve ohm resistance. Because these resistors are connected in parallel the resistance per each resistor is 12/5 ohm.

Another resistor has a brown base and four bands of colors gold (±.5% tolerance), black (0), purple (7 is the second digit), and yellow (4 is the first digit). Has 47 ohm resistance and ±.5 % tolerance.